How the One-Child Policy Changed China

Before China imposed its one-child policy, Mao Zedong banned contraception and encouraged reproduction. “China’s food supply was strained and the government reversed the campaign against contraceptives,” writes Aileen Clarke for National Geographic. “From 1959 to 1961, the Great Chinese Famine killed an estimated 15 to 30 million people.” The country backtracked. The one-child policy eventually contributed to increased wealth for women and families along with social competition for children. China is not alone: “Countries including the U.S., Canada, Chile, Brazil, Russia, and Australia will likely reach a point where a quarter or more of their populations are above the age of 65, not working, and depending on a pension,” she writes. Countries with low fertility rates and aging populations struggle over labor issues. Advances in medicine and technology increase lifespans and productivity. China’s new policy won’t begin producing new workers until the 2035. The generation could face new consequences as Clarke concludes that countries will rethink standards around work, social insurance and pensions. – YaleGlobal