A readily measurable aspect of globalization is the increasing exchange of capital, products and services across national boundaries, spurred by expanded use of container shipping and other technological improvements as well as falling barrier. The interdependence is most apparent with global supply chains, as manufactured goods like vehicles and electronics are assembled with components produced around the world, and it’s increasingly rare for any country to be the sole source of any one complex product. Countries aim to increase exports but worry about too many imports and trade imbalances, even as their consumers pursue low prices. Disagreements on subsidies, tariffs, quotas or unfair practices are debated by the World Trade Organization.

Pakistanis Fume as Clothing Sales to the U.S. Tumble

Terrorism, border conflicts with India, and US trade and domestic policy all coincide to upset Pakistan’s textile industry.
Keith Bradsher
June 23, 2002

US Prepares Blueprint for Businesses to Export to Asia

Building the channels of globalization for small US enterprises.
March 4, 2003

Europe Acts Against US Effort on Ports

In an ongoing debate over the reach of the European Union’s authority over the sovereignty of its member states, the EU is taking legal action against four members for agreeing to bilateral trade deals with the United States.
Gregory Couch
January 28, 2003

Bavaria and the Case for Free Trade

Globalization may cause grief in the short run, but its long-term benefits will last for generations.
Timothy Guinnane
February 13, 2003

Bush Trades His Principles

Free trade and the free movement of people, the driving forces of globalization, have been undercut by President Bush’s recent policy decisions.
Jagdish Bhagwati
April 17, 2002