Culture does not grow in isolation, and its truest practitioners explore and adapt. And so, the human story is one of countless exchanges and influences, suggests Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, editor of “The Role of the Arab-Islamic World in the Rise of the West.” Too often, Europeans have neglected to credit Islamic influences. “What seems to be a lack of correct citation in European scholarship, particularly in the Middle Ages, may have been due to different practices within Europe at the time,” Al-Rodhan writes in the introduction, adding that...